Personality Analysis

Personality touches on a person’s behavioral characteristics and his/her reactions to the environment. Behavior forms the benchmark factor to personality, while skills, values and attitude influence overall behavioral patterns of a person. A person’s behavior determines his/her personality since biological, social, and inner factors play significant roles in personality development and account for the differences that arise.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In analyzing personality, the treatise purposefully compares and contrasts humanistic/ existential theory with learning theory after describing the role of personality in affecting behavior. Besides, the essay discusses the personality characteristics attributed to the aforementioned theories. Finally, the discourse explores the interpersonal relational aspects that associate with the two named theories. Personality develops in a person, and in the process advances to a distinct state within different people. From the above definition of personality, it is evident that the term depends on an individual’s perception on reality given that it is the way an individual perceive circumstances, which determines how he/she responds to the instance beforehand. In line with the two theories, there is no distinct in the way they one responds to different situations. Both humanistic and learning theories prefer proactive behavior to reactive behavior, and emphasize on how one perceives the situation; however, the theories exclude neuroticism in influencing behavior. Feist and Feist (2009) define learning theory as a process where human beings study new conceptions and accommodate them, thus having a relatively permanent change in behavior. Maslow believed that a motivating force pushes human beings towards meeting their goals and targets. For humanistic theory, it analyzes how the self-drive compels behaviors towards meeting specific goals. This process of fulfilling needs continues through a cycle of waning and rising depending on the state of needs’ satisfaction. For instance, when one meets his/her needs fully, the motivation fades and the center of attention decreases until another need that requires fulfillment takes its place. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, internal forces push for the fulfillment of higher needs, such as self-evolution and actualization and esteem needs while external forces, which are beyond the control of humans, drive the fulfillment of physiological needs (Feist Feist, 2009). This dimension attests that human needs are in two different forms: Â  physical and psychological.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When one combines the knowledge of both humanistic/existential and learning theories in understanding humans , a revelation of abroad picture of human personality and interaction with the environment is evident. Learning theories believe in the influence of environment and cognitive conditions. In addition, a person’s belief can influence behavior towards a situation. According to Bandura, this is a concept of self-efficacy, which influences how one behaves in a given scenario. However, it is does not provide exclusive effects on behavior since other factors like personal expectations play key roles in determining behavior (Bandura, 1997). For behaviorism, the learning process occurs in a trial and error style, and people hold onto various behaviors until they find one that is reinforcing. Here, individuals apply the previously learnt knowledge in developing explicit expectancy and recognizable reward values in comparable scenarios. The entire process involves a pre-analysis of past actions and results, which act as guiding factors towards behavior production in a new set-up. Respon se to environment stimuli moves a learner from a passive state to an active state. According to Kelly, behaviors have different options in a build-up classification; therefore, one has to predict how events are likely to occur in order to choose behavior. All the learning theories hold different claims on behavior variation and the given situation. On the other hand, humanism/existentialism takes an approach that holds that an individual does implementation of learning at personal levels to fulfill personal interests or needs. A person’s potential determines various actions of individuals in any situation, as it outlays the level at which one can respond in a humanistic theory others (Hoffman, 2004). Affective and cognitive needs are key determinants to responses that people show in existential theories. Supportive environments provide a good learning and interaction environment for individuals in any situation. A person’s reactions are conditional to the present and f uture needs given that the reactions target to execute such needs at any point in time. Choices that people make help them to know who they are; therefore, personality development depends on one’s potential and the ability to stir up conscious thinking. In relation to personality characteristics, humanistic psychology holds that the need for free will forms the foundation for personality development, and the external drive towards self-evolution motivates the creation of one’s personality. Choices that people make help them in creating their personality. For instance, Roll May attest on three relationships that forms the basis of personality reveals their contribution and production on personality evolution. In the relationships, the first affiliation is with oneself, the second affiliation is with others, and the last relationship is with the environment. For Rogers, humans being’s self-awareness assists them in decision-making processes and taking part in form ation of their personal characteristics. Maslow believed that biological dynamics as well as cultural and environmental issues affect the determination of personality in individuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learning theories, on their part, believe that personality develops from accumulation of learned knowledge, and it continues throughout a person’s lifetime. Bandura posits that learning occurs through modeling, observation, and imitation; the learned aspects go on to affect characters of an individual overtime. This is why people from same culture may have comparable personalities, while those from different ways of life have diverse personalities. According to Skinner’s radicalism theory, environmental interactions shape personality and acquisition of characters through interaction and learning. Therefore, personality is measurable a nd observable, and comes from activities that one does. Current self-awareness and anticipation of certain occurrences guide personality development from the aspects of social learning theories. Consequently, anticipation and self-awareness influence all human activities (Feist Feist, 2009). For Skinner, genetics plays essential roles in personality development, and the variation in genetics is responsible for the difference in personality. Nonetheless, environment also plays significant role in development of personality. In his proclamation, an organized set of contingencies such as social environment, geographical environment, climate, and personal physical strength define behavior. Rotter believed that an individual’s experiences and history influence his/her goals and personality. On the other hand, Mischel recognized the essence of individual differences in behavior acquisition and personality development. For Bandura, one can learn without performing behavior through observational learning, which views human nature as proactive, self-regulating, and self-reflective (Bandura, 1997). Development of interpersonal relationships is dependent on experience throughout life, which are due to learning from life practices. These theories face criticism for failing to inculcate individual differences and genetic factors in the entire study of personality development. Humanistic theory asserts that association of persons is a physical connection with others through healthy and productive dealings, but in reality, they are on their own. Maslow believed in fulfillment of love and belongingness through families and friends’ associations. Since these needs were of primary level, their fulfillments were also essential in determining the success of other needs at higher levels. For May, people choose want they want to be through healthy interaction or association with others (Hoffman, 2004). From the analysis, humanism observes that interpersonal relations form substantive part of human life. Lack of interpersonal relationships results in unhealthy growth and development from a psychological perspective. Maslow held that those with complete interpersonal relations have self-confidence in all their life activities, and even experience reciprocation from those important to them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to learning theories, personal interactions have rewards or reinforcements. Initial family groupings help in protection from external aggressors while at the workplaces, such groupings help in building reinforcement to address common issues. Evidently, there is promise for reinforcement through social engagements. Social environment influences the personality of humans given the constant interaction in interpreting such events. Human beings influence each other, as they interact with their meaningful environments, hence revealing the freedom of choice that one has on personality development. How one perceives the environment helps in developing self-identity and interpersonal relationships through interpretation of values, existence, and purpose. Humanistic/existential theories believe in human internal drives in arriving at the ultimate state of self, while learning theories believe in response to the environment as a key determinant in comprehending development of person ality. The environment highly affects the learning process and, finally, behavior development. The diversified discussion on roles of personality on affecting situational behavior, explanation of personality characteristics in relation to the two theories, and explanation of interpersonal relations provide wealth of information in understanding human personality from a psychological perspective. References Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. Feist, J. Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Hoffman, L. (2004). Existential therapy. Existential Therapy Homepage. Retrieved from https://existential-therapy.com/ This essay on Personality Analysis was written and submitted by user Bryleigh Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Guide to Writing Argumentative Essays in Literature Find the Necessary Words!

Guide to Writing Argumentative Essays in Literature Find the Necessary Words! What is an Argumentative Essay Any argumentative essay aims at presenting and persuading the readers regarding some point of view. However, in order to meet this goal, the writer, first of all, has to make a claim that would be the main argument of his or her future essay. Another important thing worth mentioning here is evidence and proofs that are used to support the claim and illustrate it. When it comes to literature, one should remember that there can be many different opinions on the same literary work, character, and even the author’s writing style. One of the most significant things about writing argumentative essays in literature is being familiar with the original text. That is, arguing for or against something is rather challenging without knowing the plot, storyline, and little details is undeniable. Topics for Argumentative Essays in Literature While talking about choosing the topics for your future argumentative essay in literature, it is necessary to mention that they can deal with literally anything beginning from the use of literary devices and ending up with the writer’s realistic representation of social issues of the period. When thinking about the arguments, you should also analyze the relevancy and originality of your theme. For instance, during the past few years, more and more students tend to choose topics related to feminism or discrimination as these issues are widely discussed in modern society. Undoubtedly, these themes are essential, but if some of your classmates choose similar problems for writing an argumentative essay, your writing risks to be undervalued. Another example of not-that-successful ideas for your work includes using widely known literary works and issues. That is, it is a bad idea to talk about religion and Harry Potter books because much has been already said on this issue. On the contrary, you should think about some aspects of the writer’s style or the literary work that would be interesting to you. It can be both the daily life of the described people or community and analysis of Biblical allusions in a particular work. Another hint would be using modern literary works for writing an argumentative essay because you can come up with fresh ideas. Using Shakespearean play â€Å"Othello,† for instance, may be a mistake because there are almost no chances that you will discuss something new about this text. The following list of possible themes for writing an argumentative essay in literature will show you how to choose an idea for your future work: The ‘Twilight Saga’ by Stephanie Mayer as a Realistic Portrayal of Modern Indian Reservations in North Western US; Social Issues of 19th – Century England in Charles Dickens’ ‘Oliver Twist’; Humor as a Tool in the Fight Against Evil in Joanne Rowling’s ‘Harry Potter and The Prisoner Of Azkaban’; Flowers as Symbols of Love and Innocence in Shakespearean Sonnets; End of Patriarchy and Rise of Feminism in Henrik Ibsen’s Play ‘Dollhouse’. Pre-writing Tips As it was already mentioned, before writing an argumentative essay in literature, you have to be familiar with the very literary work. Plot twists, dialogues, and even long character descriptions are all worth considering when one has to come up with an interesting argument. In addition, it is impossible to support this argument without detailed knowledge of the text. What is more, one should remember about cultural, political, social, economic, and even historical backgrounds of both the author and his or her work. That is, one should always consider these factors because, sometimes, it is difficult to understand the writer’s initial message and point of view without knowing his or her biography. It is a wide-known fact that in many cases, writers rely on their life events while writing and describing particular events and characters. For example, Charles Dickens is widely known for a detailed and realistic portrayal of the social life of the 19th – century England. Be ginning from various dishes and ending up with living conditions, this writer talks about different social classes in his numerous works. Another tip before writing an argumentative essay in literature is getting familiar with criticism about an author and a literary work. On the one hand, it is possible that critics’ opinions may influence and even distort your personal point of view. On the other hand, it is better also to analyze different sides of the argument to provide the necessary evidence and proofs. Thus, another recommendation to write an effective argumentative essay in literature would be to write down all the arguments and counterarguments. In such a way, you will be ready to refute any counterargument. Moreover, it is a great idea to include a couple of counterarguments and their rebuttals in your essay, so the readers can be sure that you have taken different opinions into account. Finally, you should look up all the necessary quotes to be used in your argumentative essay and connect them with your argument. As a result, you will already have a brief roadmap of your future essay with the most imp ortant points. Do not forget that it is beneficial to support every part of your argument with a direct quotation from the original text, so the readers see how you connect the ideas. Furthermore, such a structure will make your essay logical and coherent. Structure of Your Argumentative Essay Many students face difficulties when structuring their argumentative essays. Nevertheless, the key to success here is to follow the basic essay structure that includes such components as the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. However, one should not forget about such elements of any argumentative essay as an effective title and thesis statement. Even though the majority of students prefer short and understandable titles consisting of approximately five words, this is not the case with argumentative essays. Indeed, you should clearly state the argument in the title of your essay to show the readers what this work will be about. Sometimes, the title of an argumentative essay may even take two lines, especially if you are writing about literary work because you have to include both the name of the writer and the work itself. Here is a fine example of an effective title: ‘Mary Wollstonecraft’s ‘A Vindication of The Right of a Woman’ as first feminist manifesto.’ Outline The first paragraph of any essay is the introductory one. Nevertheless, many students are confused about what to include in this paragraph because it has to prepare the readers for the body paragraphs of the essay. When you are writing an argumentative essay in literature, it is clear that in the introductory paragraph, you have to mention the background of the literary work you will be discussing. It includes not only the name of the author and the very work but also short coverage of the main points of the text. In addition, you can also mention the writer’s biography and even peculiarities of his or her writing style. The last sentence of the introductory paragraph is your thesis. It states the main idea of the whole essay and should be precise and clear. Depending on the essay, you can use the next sentence templates to create your thesis: ‘In his literary work â€Å"Oliver Twist†, Charles Dickens argues that †¦ ’ ‘Therefore, on the examples of sonnet 67 and sonnet 78, it is evident that William Shakespeare uses flowers as symbols of love and innocence’. The next paragraphs are called the body paragraphs and contain the most important part of the whole essay. In this part, you will be presenting and supporting your argument. Each body paragraph talks about one idea relevant to your argument. Without a doubt, the number of such body paragraphs varies depending on the length of the essay. However, you should remember that you can only talk about one idea in one paragraph. Consequently, for the readers, it will be much easier to follow your ideas. As it was already mentioned in the previous paragraphs, it is also recommended to introduce at least one counterargument and its rebuttal. As a rule, the counterarguments are discussed in the last paragraphs of the essay. If you lack space for a lengthy analysis of counterargument, you may join it with its rebuttal in one paragraph. Every body paragraph begins with a topic sentence, which, in other words, contains the main idea of the whole paragraph. Another hint for writing successful body paragraphs is including direct citations. Considering the fact that you are analyzing a literary work, quotes are especially important to support your argument. They do not only show that you are familiar with the original text but also demonstrate your profound understanding of author’s writing style and the hidden message. In addition, by using direct citations, you are proving that you understand all the literary theories and can find a variety of literary devices if it is required by the topic of your essay. However, the trick here lays in effective presentation of a quote. That is, in one sentence, you prepare the background for the upcoming direct citation. In the next sentence, you provide the very quote. Then, you discuss how this direct citation is relevant to the main idea of the paragraph and your argument. Subsequently, the readers will understand why you have used this particular quote in a particular paragraph. Finally, the last paragraph of your argumentative essay is the conclusion. The first sentence of your conclusion has to coincide with your thesis statement. That is, you highlight your argument using different words. In the next sentences, you have to mention the main ideas of every body paragraph briefly. As a result, you will have a chance to summarize the whole essay and remind the readers about its main point. In the last sentences, you may suggest some implications for future research or analysis that has to do with your work. Post-writing Tips (Editing/Proofreading, Referencing, etc.) Once your essay is ready, apply some post-writing techniques, which are also significant for receiving a high grade. That is, I am talking about editing and proofreading. Even though these two processes seem to be rather similar, in fact, they are entirely different and require many efforts and patience. Editing is the first thing that you should do after you have finished working on your argumentative essay. However, it is more beneficial to spend at least one day not working on your essay before starting editing. As a result, your mind will be clear, and you will be able to identify all the mistakes and even logical fallacies. To be more precise, the process of editing is making all the necessary changes to enhance the quality of your writing as a whole. As a student, you may double check the guidelines to your argumentative essay (if any) and make sure that you have met all the requirements. What is more, you can also check the word count, structure, and organization of your essay . Eventually, you will polish your essay, so that it will look perfect and devoid of serious mistakes. Proofreading is similar to editing but focuses mostly on grammar and language use. That is, when proofreading, you are only looking for grammar errors rather than to organizational and logical mistakes. As well as with editing, it is recommended to spend some time away from your argumentative essay, so that you can notice all the mistakes during proofreading. Last but not least, referencing is also a significant part of the post-writing process, even though it has nothing to do with the main text of your argumentative essay. As well as choosing reliable scholarly sources before starting your essay, providing correct references to these sources is also a factor that will impact your grade. Referencing is a quite tricky thing because even missing one dot or slash is already a mistake. Fortunately, nowadays, there are many online services, where you can double check both your references and even in-text citations. Among them are: CiteThisForMe.com, BibMe.org, and CitationMachine.net. Thus, writing an argumentative essay in literature is not that difficult but definitely requires patience, persistence, and even creativity. However, if you do all the necessary steps throughout the whole process of writing, your work will receive the highest mark. References â€Å"Editing vs Proofreading.† The Expert Editor, experteditor.com.au/editing-vs-proofreading/. Johnston, Ian. â€Å"10.0 WRITING ARGUMENTS ABOUT LITERARY WORKS.† Essays and Arguments, Section 10: Writing about Literary Works, May 2000, records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/arguments/argument10.htm. Kearney, Virginia. â€Å"How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step.† Owlcation, 10 Apr. 2019, owlcation.com/academia/How-to- Write-an-Argument-Essay. Lewsen, Simon. â€Å"Writing about Literature.† Writing Advice, advice.writing.utoronto.ca/types-of-writing/literature/. Purdue Writing Lab. â€Å"Argumentative Essays // Purdue Writing Lab.† Purdue Writing Lab, owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays.html

Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights Essay In 1791, the Bill of Rights Essay, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The documents purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalistswhose memory of British oppression was still fresh in their mindswanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the Cenitnal Essays, which assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986). Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitutionthat they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central governmentwould give way to an elite tyrannical government. The purpose of The Bill of Rights is to protect U. S. citizens from abuse of power that may be committed by the different areas of their government. It does this by expressing clear restrictions on the three braches of government laid out previously in the Constitution. As stated by Hugo Black, Associate Justice to the Supreme Court: The bill of rights protects people by clearly stating what government cant do by describing the procedures that government must follow when bringing its powers to bear against any person with a view to depriving him of his life, liberty, or property (Black 1960).' Each amendment either states what the government cannot do or limits its powers by providing certain procedures that it must abide by. To provide a few examples, one must take a closer look at some of these amendments. The First Amendment to the Constitution dictates that Congress shall make no law, which establishes a national religion, prohibits free speech or press, or which prevents the right to assemble or petition the government. In the language used, it expressly prohibits the legislative branch from making laws which would impose on the rights that were given to the people. According to Hugo Black, The Framers were well aware that the individual rights they sought to protect might be easily nullified if subordinated to the general powers granted to Congress. One of the reasons for adoption of the Bill of Rights was to prevent just that (Black 1960). The Third Amendment states that the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure shall not be infringed. Again, this amendment is laying down restrictions on what government has power to do. Amendment Six provides the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses in his favor, and to have Assistance of Counsel for his defense. This amendment states that if you are accused of a crime, you must have certain rights reserved which the courts are obliged to uphold. Furthermore, it outlines regulations that they must follow in order to protect those rights, such as obtaining witnesses and providing an impartial jury. The Eighth Amendment prevents the government from imposing excessive bail or fines and says cruel or unusual punishments, shall .

Argentina Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argentina Project - Essay Example GDP of Argentina (2005 - 2010) Year GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) 2005 8097.418686 2006 8097.418686 2007 8699.009376 2008 9359.588686 2009 9893.811398 2010 9880.474096 Source: World Databank, 2011 World Databank 2011 The above data collected from the World Databank gives us the GDP of Argentina from 2005 to 2010. The increase in the GDP shows that the economy is expanding. However we must also see the price level and the inflation of the country. Some of the index used to measure the price levels are GDP deflators and the Consumer Price Index. The following figure illustrates the price level of Argentina based on the two indicators. Indicators for Inflation (2005- 2010) Year Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) Consumer price index (2005 = 100) Â   Â   Â   2005 8.840489896 100.00 2006 13.42627796 110.90 2007 14.25823933 120.70 2008 19.06845032 131.06 2009 9.977458276 139.28 Source: World Databank 2011 The data collected from the World Databank gives us an insight into the infla tion prevalent in Argentina. Initially, the GDP deflator exhibits that the Real GDP grew slower than the nominal GDP which means the price level rose in that period. However the GDP deflator decreased sharply in 2009. The Consumer Price Index exhibits a steady rise in the period from 2005 to 2009. We shall also consider the Unemployment Rate of Argentina. The trend of inflation has further been demonstrated by the GDP deflator curve in the following diagram... World Databank 2011 The Consumer Price Index number shows an increase over time. World Databank 2011 The trend confirms that though the consumer price index has grown steadily across time, the GDP deflator experienced a sudden drop in 2009. Unemployment The relationship between inflation and unemployment is inversely proportional. According to the theory of Phillip’s Curve, a country experiences a drop in unemployment with a rise in inflation. We shall take a look at the unemployment rates of the country in the correspo nding years. Unemployment Rate of Argentina (2006 - 2010) Year Unemployment Rate Change 2005 14.8 -14.45% 2006 11.6 -21.62% 2007 8.7 -25% 2008 8.5 -2% 2009 7.9 -2.06% 2010 8.7 10.13% Â   Â   Â   (Indexmundi, 2011; World Databank, 2011) The unemployment rate shows a decrease over the years 2005 to 2010. This indicates the country performing well in terms of employment to their citizen. (Indexmundi, 2011; World Databank, 2011) Therefore we see that in Argentina inflation and unemployment follows an inverse relation which confirms the theory of Phillip’s Curve. Monetary Supply of Argentina A rise in the money supply will lead to a rise in the demand for assets. An increase in money supply changes the balance between interest rate and money supply in the market. The surplus money holding of the people will be utilized to purchase assets. As a large number of people compete to purchase assets, there will be a shortage of assets. As a result there will be an adjustment of the in terest rate of the assets. The interest rate of the assets will fall at the point where people are willing to purchase less number of assets. At that point they will be willing to hold more liquidity. In this way a new equilibrium will be established. Therefore there exists an inverse relation between money supply and interest rate, at a constant price

On DVD1 clip 7.5 you hear Devyani Sharma talking about her study of Essay

On DVD1 clip 7.5 you hear Devyani Sharma talking about her study of variation and change in London Punjabi English, and in clip - Essay Example Podesva on the other hand studies a gay medical student in clip 7.6 with contained extracts from the interview. Podesva discussed how to pronounce different consonant sounds. He focused on falsetto speech in his research project through the telephone that produced a low quality of sound as compared to Devyani’s clip. Devyani Sharma: DVD 1 Clip 7.5 Focusing on certain linguistic aspect such as retroflex /t/ as meters of social changes, Devyani expect individuals born in Britain would not use the pronunciation as Indian speakers in the second generation. The slight difference is noticed among the old and the younger generation in addition to male and female speakers. She urges that, individuals lifestyle should be included in the information even if they are narrow-minded or do more of their interactions out of the community. This will enable them understand the relative complex patterning of their language. This is because the linguistic variables are important in the use of th e language to the culture of the Punjabi in association with the retroflex /t/ (Horacek 2010, p. 91). The pronunciation of retroflex /t/ in the South Asian was as a consonant just as in the Punjabi language spoken in Asia. The tip of the tongue curls back and touches the ridges of the tooth behind the teeth. 35percent of the speakers of the first generation according to Devyani used a stereotyped English of Apu who were the Indian immigrants in the Simpsons. 16percent of the second generation used less of this retroflex in their speech. Since language is believed to be changing with time, the gradual process took place due to the families immigration hence children acquire it through the lineage (Lieberson and Kloss 1966a, p. 66; 1967, p.79). This second generation tends to use the retroflex more often as compared to their parents in the recent research for example in beginning of a word as seen in tea and toffee. This is because of phonetic quality that requires the word to be pron ounced with energy to give its real pronunciation. Podesva Podesva: Clip 7.6 He focused on individual speaker style of speaking. He had much interest on falsetto as an aspect of differentiating gay’s speech sounds. He later extended the research to the social group hence associating it with the way they speak. His particular attention is tense on how falsetto varies and contrast across; social meanings of falsetto and how these specific features of the speaker’s conversation in communication may be pinched from the identity. In the clip 7.6, he closes the interview with example that illustrates Heath use of falsetto. Eliza whom he talks to is not clear since background voices interferes with the conversation (Journal of sociolinguistics. 2008, p. 13). The conversation according to Podesva’s interview runs offset to audience expectations of what would be speech of heterosexual man since the speech creates Heath’s personality where Podesva has employed the use of the word dear as expression. Heath: No you want me to do anything, dear? Eliza: No just to stay and be pretty. Heath: (Laughter) you know that’s my job. Eliza: Yeah Heath: Oh, cool. I like it! I am so excited about your little vent thing. Eliza: I know. Isn’t it awesome? It’s such a cute little outfit Heath: it is. I really like it. (Podesva 2007. vol. 11, no.4, p.504.) The phonetic height created from Podesva’s analysis expresses the resource harness served by falsetto in the persona identity. From the conversation citation, the persona

The Effects of High Gas Prices Essay Example for Free

The Effects of High Gas Prices Essay Gas is an important productive resource in the world. Driving cars, heating buildings, producing electricity, people all need gas. Therefore, gas is directly related to peoples normal life and the global economy. Recently, due to the fights between Israel and the Hezbollah guerrilla, the Middle East political and economic situation has been deteriorating, which has led to the continuous hikes of gas prices. Since gas plays an important role in our economy, people should understand that the high gas price does not only mean people need to pay more for driving their cars, but it also leads the pervasive inflation, the change of peoples consumption habits, and more seriously, the recession of the global economy. First of all, the rising prices of gas, a critical input in almost all production processes, will trigger the price hikes of most consumer and industry products: the inflation. For example, after the gas price increases, the costs of transportations also increase. Raw materials need to be transported into factories before they become final products; all final products need to be transported to retail stores where consumers can buy them. Therefore, the increasing costs of transportation will directly be added in the prices of consumer products. Moreover, the high gas prices generally are led by the high crude oil prices, and the crude oil is the raw material of most important chemical products such as nylon and synthetic polymers, which are inputs of most industry products. Consequently, the hike of the crude oil price also leads the rises of the industry product prices. The pervasive inflation is inevitable. Influenced by the inflation caused by the high gas prices, peoples consumption habits will gradually change. With the rising gas prices, people will reduce the times of long-distance travel by driving their cars, and they will more rely on public transportation systems such as the metro and the bus to commute between their working sites and their homes. If the hikes of gas prices continue, people will stop buying luxurious and gas-consuming Sport Utilities Vehicles: a type of passenger vehicle which combines the load-hauling and versatility of a pickup truck with the passenger-carrying space of a van or station wagon, and they will even buy more compact and economical cars to retire their SUVs already owned. Moreover, facing more  expensive hydro bills at homes, people will change their electrical appliances to more energy-efficient ones and renew their insulation of their house to keep their house warm in the winter. More dramatically, people will opt to live in urban areas which are near their working places to reduce their commute distances to save gas. The most serious impact of high gas prices is the global recession, which was proved by the history in 1970s. The hikes of gas prices will lead chain effects and vicious economic cycles. First, the high gas prices will lead the pervasive inflation in the global economy. Facing the continuous rising prices of consumer products, people will consume less and demand high salaries. However, due to the rising prices of raw materials and workers salaries, entrepreneurs will reduce their production capacities and even layoff their employees. With more people unemployed, demands will decrease even more, so will the supplies. Finally, the global economy will step down unhealthy cycles. The political and economic situation in the world will become turbulent. This is what exactly happened in 1970s after OPEC increased the crude oil price artificially. In general, the skyrocketing of gas prices is not an isolated event. It will directly influence peoples normal life and global economy in ways of inducing inflation, altering peoples consumption habits, and making the global economy slipping into deep recession. For the interests of human beings, the international communities should immediately intervene in the conflict between Israel and the Hezbollah guerrilla and force them to reach a peace treaty. The peace of Middle East will eventually lead the cool down of gas prices.

Sympathy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Mary Shelley Frankens

Sympathy in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein In her novel, 'Frankenstein', Mary Shelley employs many innovative literary techniques to invoke feelings of sympathy for the monster. Sympathy is created by the author both by making the readers pity the monster’s loathsome existence and by leading them to understand his violent and cruel actions. We pity the creature because of the way he is treated by mankind and we can identify with his feelings and reactions and understand why he behaves as he does. Shelley uses different narrators throughout the novel and the reader sympathises with the views of these people to differing degrees. The language used when describing the physical appearance of the monster and his feelings is very strong and evocative. The settings and motifs with which the monster is associated are very dramatic and add to our sympathy for his lonely existence. The monster’s use of rhetoric is effective and his speech is eloquent, this is a strong technique by which the reader is drawn in. Commentators have often compared the monster to Adam, or to a newborn baby, this challenges the reader’s view of him. Another technique employed by the author is to lead the reader to draw parallels between the characters of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. The novel is told from the viewpoint of various narrators, a technique explored by Emily Brontà « in Wuthering Heights, which was popular with writers in the nineteenth century. In Frankenstein, like in Wuthering Heights, the first narrator is an outsider - Robert Walton - but as the novel progresses the narrative moves in closer - to Victor, then to the monster. Each narrator contributes their own feelings and descriptions of both Victor and the mo... ...r the period that Mary Shelley was writing in – challenging the social conventions of the time. Parallels are drawn between the anguish of the monster and the grief felt by Victor Frankenstein. These strong emotions are portrayed against some of the harshest, most desolate scenery in the world. The contrast between these settings and the warm and pleasant scenes when Victor is with his friends and family only serve to emphasise the monster’s loneliness and isolation. Images of light and dark, heaven and hell, warmth and cold, fire and ice, high and low, joy and despair can be traced throughout the novel. All of these bring to mind Milton’s ‘Paradise Lost’. The novel shows evidence of Mary Shelley’s interest in scientific ideas of the time, a time when the conversation of intelligent, well-educated people often turned to recent scientific developments.

Reading in the English Literary Heritage-response to Shakespeare Essay

Write an essay, which focuses on the character of Lady Macbeth as presented in act five, scene one and the scenes leading up to the murder of King Duncan. In act five, scene one the audience sees one of the many facets of Lady Macbeth’s complex character as she is seen to be sleepwalking, while being carefully observed by her waiting gentlewoman and a doctor of physic. Her gentlewoman introduces this deranged behaviour, when she says, â€Å"Lo you, here she comes. This is her guise and, upon my life, fast asleep.† There are many possibilities to be explored that could be found to be the impetus bringing Lady Macbeth to sleepwalk. The first being that in Shakespeare’s time a person found to be sleepwalking meant that evil spirits and demons possessed them. Lady Macbeth played a forceful role in the scheming, leading up to the murder of Duncan and was heavily involved in the event itself. In act two, scene two; exasperated with Macbeth, Lady Macbeth takes the daggers to smear Duncan’s blood on his servants’ faces. The sight of Duncan’s blood has had a profound effect on her and in act five, scene one this becomes apparent when she says in her sleep, † Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him.† In saying this line she is remembering and reflecting on the moment of when she placed the bloody daggers next to the guards. She is thinking about how much Duncan bled. The image of Duncan’s blood on the daggers and on her hands has stuck in her mind and is plaguing her thoughts, so much so that she is desperate to be cleansed. The crime is lying very heavily on her conscience and her heart and she longs to be cleansed of the blood, which is symbolic of her guilt at the deeds she has committed. While in a frantic, frenzy she says, â€Å"Out damned spot! Out, I say!† Whilst delivering this line, Lady Macbeth excessively rubs her hands in a washing motion. Although this is not a stage direction in the play, it is implied by the gentlewoman’s line, â€Å"It is an accustomed action with her, to seem thus washing her hands.† This action of Lady Macbeth suggests that her conscience and imagination are deceiving her causing her to have an illusive image of her hands covered in blood. She is trying to erase herself of the guilt she now feels at murdering Duncan. Although in Act two, scene two Lady Macbeth, says to Macbeth, â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed.† By this she means that with water the blood will wash off and they can forget that the murder ever happened. However, in act five, scene one she is distressed because she can’t get rid of the vision of blood and the feeling of guilt. She says, â€Å"What, will these hands ne’er be clean?† This rhetorical question is almost a statement from Lady Macbeth in a state of desperation questioning whether she will ever be able to be rid of the guilt at what she has done. All throughout this scene Lady Macbeth is in a state of mental turmoil and most of her deepest, most private thoughts and feelings are revealed. Subtly this illustrates how men and women in Shakespeare’s time had vastly different roles. Lady Macbeth has no one to talk to with a head full of anxieties, regrets and confusion. She is isolated and alone. Her thoughts about the murder and how distant Macbeth has become are driving her mad, which is manifested by her sleepwalking. Whereas Macbeth’s fears are displayed in act three, scene four at a banquet, when Macbeth is unnerved at his mind’s illusion of Banquo’s ghost. These feelings of Macbeth are shown at an extremely public event, a banquet surrounded by all his lords and important men in society. However Lady Macbeth’s fears are revealed in the private setting of her bedroom. She has to be much more conservative than Macbeth as it is her role to be publicly stable. Macbeth is permitted to expose his true sentiments, because he is king and furthermore because he is a man. In the time before the murder, Lady Macbeth loved life and she and Macbeth had the perfect partnership. They saw each other as equals and were both ambitious and secure in their relationship and their position in society, although Lady Macbeth was continuously striving for more. Despite all this, after the murder they have drifted apart. They no longer control things together and the emotional distance between them means Lady Macbeth fears what her tyrant husband will do next because she feels she no longer knows him as she once did. Evidence of this can be found in the fragmented language she uses when sleepwalking, that echoes her own and Macbeth’s words about past murders: Duncan, Lady Macduff and Banquo. Her tortured imagination peregrinates over past conversations she has had with Macbeth. At first she ponders on the murder of Duncan, â€Å"One, two. Why then ’tis time to do’t.† Which is referring to what Macbeth says to her in act two scene two, just before he goes to carry out the murder, â€Å"I go and it is done. The bell invites me.† Then she turns her attentions to the murder of Lady Macduff and her children, she says, â€Å"The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now?† Following this she relives what she says to Macbeth at the banquet in reassurance to convince him that he can’t see Banquo. â€Å"Banquo’s buried; he cannot come out on’s grave.† However, Lady Macbeth continuously goes back to the murder of Duncan, which implies that compared to the other murders she was most affected by it. This is because she was heavily involved so it was when her state of mind and all the different aspects of her life changed suddenly and dramatically. Repeatedly Lady Macbeth restates lines that she said to Macbeth in a desperate attempt to re-establish the connection that she and Macbeth once had. As Macbeth no longer seems to exist for her, she has become extremely isolated and in saying lines such as, â€Å"Come, come, give me your hand.† She is yearning for the security of her own marriage. While sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth carries with her a candle. As suggested in her gentlewoman’s line, â€Å"She has light by her continually, ’tis her command.† Lady Macbeth is frightened of darkness and always needs the security of light around her. This may be because Duncan’s murder was committed at night in darkness and she is frightened of his ghost or of being murdered herself in darkness. However it is a strong contrast to the start of the play, Act 1 Scene 5 where she pleads for darkness, so she and Macbeth can murder Duncan. â€Å"Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it make.† It is also a contrast of the personality and state of mind of Lady Macbeth; at the beginning of the play she is a strong, confident, motivated and ambitious woman and the driving force behind Macbeth. However as the play develops she becomes less assertive, and more unsettled. Lady Macbeth thought that once the murder of Duncan was accomplished and completed, it would be finished and she and Macbeth would become successful rulers of Scotland. She reflects on this thought in act five, scene one, by saying, â€Å"Who knows it, when none can call our power to account?† Nevertheless only one part of this dream of the future has come to life and that is that she and Macbeth are rulers of Scotland. Duncan’s murder was far from the end of that series of events for Lady Macbeth; instead it has provoked lots and changed everything. The sleepwalking portrays this and shows that she is unsettled, maybe because of her unfulfilled dreams. The audience is shown another feature of Lady Macbeth’s character in act five, scene one. Her sentiments are expressed with a simplistic use of language, with the use of prose as opposed to verse. For example, â€Å"Here’s the smell of blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. O, O, O.† This uncovers what Lady Macbeth is truly feeling in her heart and head. Her human emotions are also demonstrated about her regret at the amount of bloodshed, and the audience sees her as not just a manipulator but as scared, vulnerable and confused woman. Her gentlewoman says in sympathy for her, â€Å"I would not have such as heart in my bosom for the dignity of the whole body.† The presence of the doctor and the waiting gentlewoman add to the effectiveness of this scene by the way they react to what Lady Macbeth is doing and saying. When the doctor realises what Lady Macbeth is reliving and saying about the murders he is unsure, horrified and can’t make sense of it. Whereas the waiting gentlewoman already knew about the murders from Lady Macbeth’s sleepwalking in the past and she knows she could be in serious trouble if the doctor tells anyone what he has discovered. She says to the doctor, â€Å"Neither to you, nor anyone, having no witness to confirm my speech.† However the doctor and the waiting gentlewoman are both innocent onlookers on the situation and have mixed emotions. Whereas they are both horrified at what they hear, they can’t make sense of it and feel pity for Lady Macbeth and how troubled she is. The doctor says, â€Å"My mind she has mated and amazed my sight.† And, â€Å"The heart is sorely charged.† This all adds to the effectiveness of the scene because it shows a normal person’s reaction to what has happened to Lady Macbeth, which also shows a contrast to the audience between her uneasy and almost insane character and that of a sane, rational person. This enhances Lady Macbeth’s character for the audience. Further more when the doctor says, â€Å"This disease is beyond my practice. More needs she the divine than the physician.† There is a feeling of sadness and sympathy from him. This provokes the same feelings from the audience. In the first half of the play the audience saw Lady Macbeth as a strong, female character, (relative to Shakespeare’s times) and now they see that she has a tyrant of a husband, who has no conscience and she is bearing all the guilt of their actions for both of them. I believe that Shakespeare wanted to affect the audience in this scene and make them have some sympathy for Lady Macbeth. The dramatic function of the presence of the doctor and waiting gentlewoman in this scene is to narrate to the audience the scenes events and explain to them what is happening. The doctor gives detailed descriptions of what is happening, for example, â€Å"Look how she rubs her hands.† It is then the waiting gentlewoman who commentates further and emphasizes the events, and also adding some further information, beyond the scene, such as, â€Å"It is an accustomed action with her, to seem thus washing her hands; I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour.† This gives the audience additional information about the events, which increases the effect of the scene because it is delving into the reasons of Lady Macbeth’s increasing uneasiness. One could consider that Shakespeare’s dramatic purpose of placing this scene at this point in the play is to show the transformation and variation in Lady Macbeth’s character. Prior to this scene in the play the audience sees Lady Macbeth as a strong, ambitious, female. Throughout act five, scene one Shakespeare reminds the audience of the past events leading up to the murder of Duncan and how Lady Macbeth has come to be so disrupted, unsettled and disturbed. The scene summarizes previous events, while also depicting Lady Macbeth’s state of mind to the audience and showing the transformation of her character. Act five, scene one’s dramatic purpose is to be in a position to be able to be a conclusive scene of the beginning of the plays events, before moving on to the downfall of Macbeth. The opening scene of the play grabs the audience’s attention as three witches appear on stage. The witches would have scared an audience in Shakespeare’s times because they was a strong belief in superstition but nowadays it takes a lot more to scare an audience. In act one, scene one; briefly the witches arrange a meeting with Macbeth on a heath. â€Å"When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain?† To which the reply is, â€Å"Upon the heath. There to meet with Macbeth.† In act one, scene two Macbeth is instantly introduced as a heroic, strong character by the Captain of a battle, in which Macbeth defeats the rebel enemy Macdonald, personally killing him against the odds. â€Å"For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution.† Reflecting on this King Duncan sentences a traitor, the Thane of Cawdor and awards this title to Macbeth. â€Å"No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive. Go pronounce his present death and with his former title greet Macbeth. What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won.† The witches are re-introduced to the audience in act one, scene three, this time on the heath in foul weather, which serves to increase the dramatic effect. They are waiting for Macbeth to come. The witches are evil women, who plan to use their power. As they wait for Macbeth they plot to torment a sea captain whose wife has tormented them, by describing terrible things, which makes the start of the scene quite violently disturbing, with a threatening atmosphere. Macbeth’s arrival is signalled by a drum, â€Å"A drum, a drum; Macbeth doth come.† Says the third witch. As Macbeth enters for the first time in the play, with fellow warrior Banquo, his initial words are, â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen.† Immediately this establishes a connection between Macbeth and the witches, as their lines in the opening scene were, â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair.† Also the witches are called the weà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rd sisters, and in Anglo-Saxon mythology, weà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rd sisters were the goddesses of destiny who predicted the future. When Macbeth and Banquo enter they are puzzled as to what these beings are with such a revolting appearance, Banquo describes them, â€Å"So withered and so wild in their attire, that look not like th’inhabitants o’th’earth. Each at once her choppy finger laying upon her skinny lips; you should be women and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so.† What happens next is very significant for the rest of the play. The witches’ prophecy about Macbeth and his future and then at his request, Banquo, † All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. Thane of Cawdor. That shalt be king hereafter.† They predict that Macbeth will have these titles and that Banquo’s descendants will be kings, but he himself will not. â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.† Then refusing to answer Macbeth’s questions the witches vanish in front of Macbeth and Banquo, leaving them shocked, bewildered and discombobulated. The witches come to Macbeth at exactly the right moment and place to shock him. He is fresh from the killings at the battle and his raw ambition is hungry for greater things. The witches introduce these things to him by speaking his innermost thoughts and tempting him with his own aspirations and predilections. Macbeth and Banquo are both left to reflect on what the witches have just said to them and to try to make some sense of it when Ross enters, telling Macbeth of his new title, Thane of Cawdor, â€Å"He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor: In which addition, hail most worthy thane, for it is thine.† This shocks Macbeth, as he says, almost accusingly, â€Å"Why do you dress me in borrowed robes?† Then, later in the scene three, Macbeth exposes his initial thoughts in an aside to the audience about the witches’ prophecy and how there moral implications have affected him. Macbeth’s mind is in turmoil, as he battles with his conscience and his desires over how he should behave in response to the witches’ prophecy. He is disturbed and horrified at the thought of killing Duncan, as they have great respect for each other, but he desperately wants to become king, that is his deepest ambition and desire, â€Å"Why do I yield to that suggestion, whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs against the use of nature?† However he resolves with himself to accept the future and the changes it will bring, â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir.† Whereas Banquo uses the imagery of clothes to elucidate Macbeth’s, â€Å"rapt†. He says, â€Å"New honours come upon him like our strange garments, cleave no to their mould, but with the aid of use.† During act one, scene four, Duncan reveals and announces that his own son, Malcolm is to be heir to the throne. This irritates and appalls Macbeth; if Duncan had not named Malcolm as his heir, the thanes would have elected the next king after Duncan’s death, and as Macbeth is a honoured warrior, there was a possibility he would have been elected. The audience sees another facet to Macbeth’s character when in an aside he says about his annoyance, â€Å"That is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’erleap, for in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires, let not see my black and deep desires, the eye wink at the hand.† These lines really seal Macbeth’s evil intentions and it is maybe what makes him decide, definitely that he will be king, whatever the consequences are for others and him. When the audience first sees Lady Macbeth in act one, scene five, she is reading Macbeth’s letter in which his meeting with the witches is described to her, â€Å"They met me in the day of success, and I have learned by the perfectest report they have more in them than mortal knowledge.† In reading the letter further, Lady Macbeth learns of the witches’ prophecy and that the first, that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor has been fulfilled almost right away. Previously Macbeth has demonstrated his disgust at the thought of the murder of Duncan and the consequence and repercussions it would have. After reading the letter Lady Macbeth reinforces these emotions and thoughts by saying in her first soliloquy, â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised.† Lady Macbeth knows her husband is ambitious and passionate about his dreams of kingship, but she also knows and feels that he is too fair and conscientious about what is wrong and what is right. She says, â€Å"I do fear thy nature it is too full o’th’milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way.† We know Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are great partners, who share everything, and know each other inside- out, and this is confirmed in Macbeth’s letter when he refers to her as, â€Å"My dearest partner of greatness.† However, taking this into account Lady Macbeth realises that to become queen of Scotland and to realise her own and Macbeth’s dreams she will have do or sacrifice anything to get this. She says, â€Å"What thou wouldst highly, that wouldst holily; wouldst not play false, and yet wouldst wrongly win.† Saying this it appears as though Lady Macbeth’s naked ambition is almost stronger than her husbands. She seems to disregard morals in order to get what she wants and has unbelievably strong willpower and determination. Once she has decided Macbeth will be king, then she starts to introduce supernatural forces and the idea of inviting in evil spirits to help her succeed. â€Å"That I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue.† It is when Lady Macbeth is told of Duncan’s plans to visit the castle that her ambition and wickedness bloom and become very apparent. She knows that this is her chance to seize the moment and facilitate Macbeth’s future role as king of Scotland. In her second soliloquy she summons up her evil spirits in the form of magic to assist her with her murderous plans for Duncan. She refers to a raven, which is a bird, seen as an evil omen and then she says, â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty; make thick my blood, stop up th’access and passage to remorse.† In saying this, it is clear that she no longer just wants to be an ambitious and dominant woman, her desire is to become evil personified, pitiless and with no sense of morals. She says, â€Å"Come to my woman’s breasts and take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers.† She is saying that she wants her breasts to be full of poison, rather than â€Å"the milk of human kindness.† Which is what she described Macbeth as having. Lady Macbeth closes her speech with triumph, summoning night, death and hell. She pleads for a disguise for the crime that she and Macbeth will commit. â€Å"Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark.† Lady Macbeth almost seems to have changed from an ambitious, forceful woman into an evil woman, harbouring evil spirits and thoughts. However in reality she is still a mortal woman, whose actions will cause her to suffer great consequence and remorse. As Macbeth enters, Lady Macbeth greeting echoes that of the witches. â€Å"Great Glamis, worthy Cawdor, Greater than both by the all-hail hereafter.† This suggests that she now has formed a connection with the dark side and that evil spirits really are deeply entwined in her thoughts and actions. The instant she starts a conversation with Macbeth, she makes it clear what is going to happen to Duncan that night, â€Å"O never shall sun that morrow see.† She is implying in her words that after that night Duncan will never see sunlight again, because he will be dead. Lady Macbeth instructs Macbeth to, â€Å"Look like th’innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t.† She makes an analogy, in which she compares Macbeth to be a serpent, which is biblically an evil creature. Then she takes control of the situation and Macbeth with a strong sense of purpose and character that is ruthless, â€Å"To alter favour ever is to fear. Leave all the rest to me.† When Duncan arrives at the castle in scene six Lady Macbeth confidently leads him inside and to his death with a sense of triumph. â€Å"Your servants ever have theirs, themselves, and what is theirs in count to make audit at your highness’ pleasure, still to return to your own.† However during this time, leading up to the murder Lady Macbeth continuously has to reinforce her plans, courage and strong will onto Macbeth, who shows reluctance in accepting it. At the start of scene seven, Macbeth is seen to be agonising relentlessly with his conscience over killing Duncan and the consequences it will incur. He wrestles with his conscience, saying, â€Å"If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well it were done quickly.† Then he has a change of heart saying, â€Å"He’s here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the k nife myself.† This private reasoning continues until, finally Lady Macbeth appears and puts a stop to it. At first Macbeth refuses to do the murder, saying, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business.† However his efforts are wasted on her as she turns angrily on him and we see her become a manipulating, strong willed woman again. Immediately she turns things around on Macbeth and simply points out that he implied that the murder was the only thing to do. â€Å"Was the hoe drunk? Hath it slept since? And wakes it now to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this time, such I account thy love.† She also says that if he is taking back all the things he said, she will assume that that is true about how strongly he loves her. This would hurt Macbeth and also come as quite a surprise as they have such an intense and loving relationship. Then more effectively she torments Macbeth about his masculinity by calling him a coward. â€Å"Live a coward in thine own esteem.† She knows Macbeth well enough to know that will upset him because he is publicly known as a heroic warrior, however it doesn’t get the reaction she wants as he points out to her that he is merely a man. I dare do all that may become a man; who dares do more is none.† Furthermore Lady Macbeth makes the ultimate taunt to persuade her husband to kill Duncan by saying she would kill their child. â€Å"I have given suck and know how tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I sworn as you have done this.† In saying this Lady Macbeth is playing her womanliness against Macbeth’s manliness by saying she would make the ultimate sacrifice to keep the promise he has made. She makes the point that she once was a mother, and she could remember the overwhelming love she felt for her child, but she would have given it all up to make Macbeth king. Lady Macbeth is also clever in realising she needs to use violent, disturbing, grotesque imagery for Macbeth as a shock tactic to convince him to murder Duncan, as this night is their perfect opportunity. At this point Macbeth offers no resistance to his wife’s strength and force over him, as he knows he will not overcome her determination and extreme assertiveness, â€Å"Bring forth men-children only, for thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males.† He only questions what should happen if they were to fail, which she replies in an extremely optimistic, self assured and almost over confident manner, â€Å"Who dares receive it other, as we shall make our griefs and clamour roar upon his death!† The plan for the murder is organised and in act one, scene seven Macbeth leaves to complete it saying, almost wearily and sadly, â€Å"I go and it is done. The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is knell that summons thee to heaven or hell.† In act two, scene two, exhilarated by alcohol and anticipation Lady Macbeth awaits her husband to confirm that the murder is done. â€Å"That which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold; what hath quenched them, hath given me fire.† She has drugged Duncan’s bodyguards, but is afraid that Macbeth may have been too cowardly to carry out the murder. â€Å"I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live, or die.† It is then, when Lady Macbeth reveals her single weakness up until this point, which is why she couldn’t or wouldn’t murder Duncan herself, â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t.† This is another facet of her character shown, as we start to see her humane side exposed and vulnerable. Following this Macbeth returns to Lady Macbeth to say he has completed the murder in a terrible state of remorse and fear of what will punish him of the crime he has just committed. â€Å"Wherefore I could not pronounce ‘Amen’? I had most need of blessing, and ‘Amen’ stuck in my throat.† He is obsessively panicky because he cannot say ‘Amen’. It is then, that Lady Macbeth regains control of the situation and transforms into an iron willed woman again in order to hold Macbeth together. She says to him in an ironic and impatient manner, dismissing his hallucinations of a voice crying he had murdered sleep, â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad.† It is then when she sees that Macbeth has brought the bloody daggers back from the scene of the murder that she implicates herself and gets further involved with the murder; Macbeth refuses to return the daggers so she says, â€Å"Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures; ’tis the eye of childhood that fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, I’ll gild the faces of the grooms withal, for it must seem their guilt.† From this point onwards Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship starts to change as they drift apart emotionally and physically. Their personas are dramatically reversed as Lady Macbeth who was once an iron willed, passionate, ambitious woman becomes extremely deranged and depressed. Her character develops and changes throughout the play as she is transformed from an ambitious, powerful woman to someone is full of regret and with a heart full of foreboding, which lies very heavily on her conscience. Paradoxically, Macbeth’s characteristics, his strong sense of morals and fairplay and a clear conscience are replaced with a tyrant personality and where little or no remorse at the taking of other people’s lives.

Taxation Without Rep Dbq

Alex Dib AP History September 24, 2012 Practice DBQ #1Question: To what extent was the demand for no taxation without representation both the primary force motivating the American revolutionary movement and a symbol for democracy? When the colonists came to the Americas, they did so to get away from the restrictive rule of England. Once they arrived, it took many years for them to develop a sense of self-rule, and they cherished and appreciated every moment of it. However, that was all soon to change, as the English got into wars with the French and Spanish.These three dominating European powers got into 4 major wars which would prove to be crucial for the formation of America as we know it today. With these wars, the English debt was mounting, and they didn’t have the money to balance it out. So what’s the next best thing to printing money? Taxing other people so they give you money, of course! When the English taxed the colonies through various Acts, the self-rule of the people was fading. They were doing the bidding for England, the same thing they vowed to get away from and never return to.This is where the phrase â€Å"No taxation without representation† comes into play. It would eventually turn out to be the greatest symbol for democracy, and the motivation for the American Revolution. The French and Indian war was perhaps one of the most crucial and influential wars regarding the shaping of America. The French provoked the war, in the British point of view, by building chains of forts limiting westward expansion on the English colonies. People such as George Washington and General Edward Braddock went in with local militias to break up the French’s progress, but were forced to surrender.The Albany Plan of Union, as developed by Benjamin Franklin, was an idea that proposed the collection of taxes from the various colonies to provide an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops for general defense. This theory was never enacted however, because each colony was too stubborn and jealous of its own taxation powers. This plan did, however, set a precedent for a later, more revolutionary congress in the 1770’s. This war however, was eventually won by the British, who acquired Canada and Florida in the process.Resolved, that a most humble and dutiful Address be presented to his majesty, imploring his royal protection of his faithful subjects, for the people of this colony, in the enjoyment of all their natural and civil rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (A). The king had to do what he had to do in terms of protecting the colonies, as stated by the Resolution of the Virginia House of Burgesses. (However, it is not the specifics of the war that we are interested in per say, this rather just provides a background for what was to come). All four of the wars fought by the English, specifically the last one, were not relatively cost efficient.Britain was in a major debt, and this is where things get tricky . â€Å"Small islands not capable of protecting themselves are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care†¦but it is evident that they belong to different systems. England to Europe: America to itself. † (G) In this document, we observe the philosophical thinking of Thomas Paine. In this excerpt from â€Å"Common Sense†, we observe that Paine believes that England performed its duty by defending the colonies, and shouldn’t burden further them for taxes to pay for their war.On top of the taxation, we see that England feels the need to maintain a permanent military force throughout the colonies to guard the frontiers. King George III and parliament set forth various acts that would prove to limit the colonies representative government. The Sugar Act, also known as the revenue act, placed taxes/duties on foreign sugar and various luxuries. Its main purpose was to raise revenue for the crown, and to provide a strict enforcement against smuggling. Any accused of smuggling would face a trial in court by â€Å"crown appointed judges† without a jury. They have undertaken to give and grant our money without our consent, though we have ever exercised an exclusive right to dispose of our own property†¦; for depriving us of the accustomed and inestimable privilege of trial by jury, in cases affecting both life and property. † (F) This immediately limits the self-rule of the colonies, and would later become one of the biggest topics of the Constitution. The Quartering Act required colonists to temporarily house British soldiers, and care to their every need during their stay.Many people were against this act, for it violated a person’s right to privacy within their household. Finally, the Stamp Act came about, which required that revenue stamps be placed on any legal document. This was the first time that taxes were being directly taken from the people, rather than on the goods and from the merchants. After t he passing of this act, all hell breaks loose throughout the colonies. People gathered and protested, often violently, in which they destroyed British imports, boycotted the purchase of certain products, and attacked the English in any way they knew how.The Sons and Daughters of Liberty was created, which was a secret and violent organization which was used to intimidate and harass tax collectors. England was forced to repeal the Stamp Act, because of the incredible loss of profit. â€Å"A right to impose an internal tax on the colonies, without their consent for the single purpose of revenue, is denied†¦ (C) Daniel Dulany, from the Considerations on the propriety of imposing taxes in the British Colonies, writes as to support the statement â€Å"No taxation without representation†.This phrase is, in a sense, the birthplace of democracy; it is the foundations on which this nation stands today. One of the fundamental human rights is the opportunity for self-rule, and it is now evident that America would not have been as successful as it is today without the protestors and boycotters and founding fathers that stood up for the colonies in times of near overthrow. This phrase is without a doubt the primary force that motivated the American Revolution, and a universal symbol of democracy throughout the land.

Ecotourism in Hong Kong Essays

Ecotourism in Hong Kong Essays Ecotourism in Hong Kong Essay Ecotourism in Hong Kong Essay The image of Hong Kong is well known as â€Å"shopper’s paradise† and â€Å"Pearl of the Orient†. Further, according to the International Market Research Study, it shows that the lack of new appeals in Hong Kong is a significant reason for it not being considered as a vacation destination. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the appeals of Hong Kong. Why not use our existing natural resources as tourist attractions? To maintain the competitiveness, Hong Kong should build up its own unique and special character. Natural wonders of the territory provide a chance to show the uniqueness and international significance of Hong Kong ecology. Green tourism, outdoors, hiking and nature are some of the new and promising products most needed by consumers. Building ecotourism could attract special interest tourists. It was found that nature-based activities or scenery is one of the top attractions which the visitors to Hong Kong are interested in. These natural attractions include trips to outlying islands, nature reserves (Mai Po), beaches, mountain hiking, urban nature trails and dolphin-watching. Hong Kong’s remote, unpolluted outlying islands are an attraction for tourists. Many tourists are surprised that Hong Kong has dolphins in one of the world busiest harbors. In addition, a survey completed by the HKTA found that about 15% of tourists are interested in taking part in outdoor and hiking activities in Hong Kong. Since many overseas tourists are interested in seeing wildlife and beauty natural scenic, there is a potential market for ecotourism. About 70% of Hong Kong is rural area. Nature is right on the city’s doorstep. They are mostly accessible by buses and minibuses. Hiking, swimming, scubas-diving and sailing are all possible just a short journey from urban area. A total of 24 country parks have been designated for the purposes of nature conservation, countryside recreation and outdoor education. There are  22 special areas created mainly for the purpose of nature conservation. The country parks and special areas cover a total area of 44  239 hectares. The country parks comprise scenic hills, woodlands, reservoirs and coastline in all parts of Hong Kong. The country parks are very popular with all sectors of the community and spending a day in a country park is one of the best recreational choices. About 12. million visitors were recorded in 2012 and most visitors engaged in leisure walking, hiking, barbecuing and camping. Hong Kong has glory and outstanding scenic beauty, and also rich ecology. These are striking advantages for promoting ecotourism. Besides, Hong Kong is characterized by hilly topography with less low flat land areas. It consists of undeveloped and unspoiled steep hills, some 230 outlying islands and also other geographi cal and ecological features of high scenic and amenity value on Government lands with unrestricted public access and proximity to the urban areas. There is a wide variety of scenic views, landscape features and habitats including sandy beaches, rocky foreshores, mountain ranges, grasslands, valleys, shrub lands and so on. The sub-tropical climatic environment and extensive undeveloped tracts of natural landscapes provide a wide range of habitats, and supports high biodiversity of flora and fauna, both resident and migratory. There are about 500 species of birds, one-third of all species of birds in China. More than 230 species of butterflies and over 100 species of dragonflies can be found. There are more than 2600 species of vascular plants, 50 species of mammals, 80 species of reptiles and more than 20 species of amphibians in Hong Kong (AFCD 2013). A high proportion of birds in Hong Kong are winter visitors and passage migrants in spring and autumn, followed by resident birds and summer visitors. Migration is a strong instinct, and birds (particularly water birds) are often able to traverse immense natural barriers, frequently migrating and making one or more stopovers en route. In Hong Kong, we can watch butterflies in all seasons due to warm climate and the presence of a variety of habitats. There are over 230 butterfly species in Hong Kong and more than 130 species have been recorded in Hong Kong Wetland Park. The Butterfly Garden in the Hong Kong Wetland Park is planted with various larval food plants and nectar plants. It is an ideal place for learning butterflies. Dragonflies and damselflies are among the most beautiful and spectacular insects in the world. Their lives are closely intertwined with wetlands. Up to April 2009, there are 115 species of dragonfly officially recorded in Hong Kong. During the Dragonfly Festival, Hong Kong Wetland Park will organize a series of activities for public to broaden their knowledge of dragonflies. These activities also aimed to promote dragonflies watching and encourage the public to engage in the conservation works of wetlands and dragonflies. Our bustling metropolis has more than 40% of its land designated as protected green areas. Apart from providing habitats for our myriad wildlife, this verdant countryside is also home to world-class rock formations and geological features. A geopark is a unique natural area with special geological significance and natural and cultural landscapes, and can serve the three objectives of conservation, education and sustained development. The Marine Parks Ordinance protects and conserves the marine environment and a rich collection of aquatic animals and plants, such as corals, sea grasses and dolphins. In Hong Kong, there are 84 species of reef-building corals. Reef-building Corals in Hong Kong with the splendid colors and graceful growth forms and they also build homes for a wide range of marine animals. At present, there are four marine parks and one marine reserve, including Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Yan Chau Tong Marine Park, Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park, Tung Ping Chau Marine Park and Cape DAguilar Marine Reserve. They cover a total area of 2 430 hectares and comprise scenic coastal areas, seascapes and important marine habitats. Marine parks and reserve can be managed for conservation, education, recreation and scientific studies. In marine parks, visitors are encouraged to appreciate the beauty and diversity of marine life. Diving, snorkeling, swimming, canoeing, sailing, underwater photography and school visits are popular activities in marine parks. Educational activities such as guided tours, beach clean-ups, seabed clean-ups and public lectures are regularly organized. Tourists can take part in them. To conclude, there is a great potential for the further development of ecotourism in Hong Kong since the territory is rich in ecology with outstanding natural beauty. Pure Ecotourism can include as one of the attractions in the trip to experience the green side of Hong Kong and to show the compact and variety of the territory. However, it is unsuitable to promote ecotourism without any development strategy. To ensure the ecological sustainability of nature and ecotourism, conversation should be in the first priority when developing ecotourism. For the sustainable development of ecotourism, it is important to let tourism industry, government, tourists and residents know what is the meaning of ecotourism.

The controversy of MLDA PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The controversy of MLDA - PowerPoint Presentation Example However, this paper presents the arguments and statistics put forward by the two sides of the controversy in supporting their claims. The Controversy of MLDA MLDA or the minimum legal age for drinking has been one controversial issue ever since its inception in the 1850s. This controversy arises from the proponents and opponents of either raising or lowering the MLDA. Before establishing the controversy, it is important to examine a brief history of the MLDA. After prohibition ended, many states restricted the access of alcohol by the youth by designating 21 years as the minimum legal age for drinking. However, between the years of 1970 and 1975, about 29 states reduced the MLDA to eighteen, nineteen, or twenty years, (AMA 1). This was a time when the lowest age for activities such as voting was also being reduced. At this time, scientists started studying the impacts of a reduced MLDA, by focusing on motor vehicle accidents, the leading cause death of teenagers. Several such studies indicated that accidents significantly increased among teens when MLDA was reduced. Armed with the facts that a lower age for drinking led to more traffic fatalities and injuries among the youth, citizen advocacy groups piled pressure on states to restore MLDA to 21 years. Indeed, between 1976 and 1983, 16 states increased their drinking age. This was met with resistance from other states amid rising concerns that minors would traverse across state lines in order to purchase and consume liquor. This prompted the federal government to pass the Uniform Drinking Act. Among alcohol policies, MLDA is the most studied, with studies mainly focusing on the effects of either a higher or lower MLDA, (AMA 1). Therefore, MLDA continues to elicit controversy even as all the 50 states have set the MLDA at 21 years, with exceptions existing in different states regarding consumption at home, medical necessity, and under adult supervision among others. So where does the controversy lie? Those who p ropose the reduction in the MLDA from 21 years argue that it has not put a stop to teenage drinking. Instead, it has transferred underage binge drinking into private and less restricted environments, and this has led to increased health and life-threatening behavior by teenagers. For example, while many believe that people who are under the age of 21 years are prohibited from alcohol consumption in the US, underage drinking is permitted in 29 states if it is done on private premises with parental consent, in 25 states if used for religious purposes, and in 7 states of it used for educational purposes. Those who oppose the lowering of the minimum age for drinking argue that teenagers have not yet attained an age where they are capable of responsibly handling alcohol, and hence have a higher likelihood of causing harm and even killing themselves or others by drinking prior to the age of 21. Their perception is that when the lowest age for drinking is increased, the number of traffic f atalities decrease. In fact, research findings tend to support the claims by the people who oppose the lowering of the MLDA. According to the American Medical Association (1), a higher drinking age is successful in curbing alcohol-related deaths and injuries among the youth. When the age is lowered, the death and injury rates increase. When the age is increased, the death and injury rates decrease. This also means that the number of motor vehicle accidents decrease with an increase in drinking age.

Midterm Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Midterm - Term Paper Example This concept of state could have led the division of the whole world into states which triumph as a form of political organization. Although they could be universal they could not clearly be the only political actors due to impacts of organizations, for example, International Monetary Fund and the Microsoft. The political process comprises of establishing the priorities and the scale of policies, goals values and interests within and among political communities. The nature and quality development of, political community, varies due to how differences in potential values, interests and values could be handled. This could be through rules, institutions and procedures. The creative tension between conflicting interests, values, interest and preferences could distinguish the political communities. On the other hand, there could be consensus and communal ties on orientation and key features of political community. The work of the democratic process would be to find a balance between the t wo sides of the equation. A life or death situation could emerge through debates and different views on cases of the political community. The emergence could be evoked in times of war or during external or internal attacks among the member of a community. The threat to the community could be true although total consensus could be maintained before the essence of real danger. This could reveal how dictatorship was born thousands of the year back. The birth of dictatorship could be justified today by the imposition of a single opinion on various issues at the end of a real political community. If the conflicts systematically predominate, over the agreement on primary goals and procedures the political community becomes inefficient and could be threatened by a breakdown. Past and current experience could have taught other way of domestic political order to dynamic function of democracy. LIST B: QUESTION 1 AGE OF THE EMPIRE Huntley (22) refers to the period between 1875 and 1914 as the Age of the Empire. This is not only due to the fact that a new strain of imperialism emerged during this time, but also because of a very archaic reason. It was period during which the number of rulers who viewed themselves (officially) or viewed by western scholars as worthy of the â€Å"emperor† tag was the highest. In Europe the rulers of Austria, Germany, Turkey, Russia and (in their glory as rulers of India) Britain laid claim to this title. Of the five, India/Britain and Germany emerged in the 1870s, and they more than made up for the decline and disappearance of Napoleon’s â€Å"Second Empire†. Outside Europe, rulers of Japan, Persia, China and- maybe with a broader attribute of global diplomatic courtesy- Morocco and Ethiopia were gradually allowed this tag, while up until 1899 Brazil had an American emperor. By 1987, Japan was the only country that could still be said to have a super-monarch, but its political influence and profile had already waned sig nificantly (Huntley 39). The military and economic supremacy of capitalist nations had lacked serious challengers for a very long time, but there were no planned attempts made to extend this to formal annexation, administration and conquest between the latter years of the 18th century and the last 25 years of the 19th century. However, from 1880 to 1914 they were made, and a majority of countries